Answer: Hofmann degradation.
- A Hofmann degradation
- B Curtius rearrangement
- C Gabriel synthesis
- D Schmidt reaction
Correct answer: A. Hofmann degradation
Explanation: Hofmann degradation or bromamide reaction converts RCONH2 to RNH2 (one less carbon).
In aniline, the nitrogen's lone pair is pulled into the benzene ring through resonance, leaving less electron density available to accept a proton - which is why aniline is a much weaker base than methylamine, where the lone pair is fully available.
Concept context
Nitrogen-containing organic compounds. Covers classification (primary, secondary, tertiary), basicity comparison, preparation methods, and reactions including diazotization and coupling, key for understanding dyes and pharmaceuticals.