Answer: V2 > V1 and I2 < I1.
- A V2 > V1 and I2 < I1
- B V2 < V1 and I2 > I1
- C V2 = V1
- D V2 > V1 and I2 > I1
Correct answer: A. V2 > V1 and I2 < I1
Explanation: V2/V1 = N2/N1. For N2 > N1, voltage increases. By energy conservation (ideal transformer): V1 I1 = V2 I2, so current decreases.
In a pure inductor the current lags the voltage by 90° (energy is briefly stored in the magnetic field before current responds); in a pure capacitor the current leads the voltage by 90° (current must flow to build up charge before voltage rises) - the mnemonic "ELI the ICE man" keeps these straight.
Concept context
AC circuits, impedance, LCR series circuit, resonance, transformers, and power factor.