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⚛️ Physics  ·  Thermodynamics  ·  NEET & JEE

Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular speeds: most probable speed vp compared to rms speed vrms:

Answer: vp < vrms.

  • A vp = vrms
  • B vp < vrms
  • C vp > vrms
  • D vp = 0

Correct answer: B. vp < vrms

Explanation: vp = sqrt(2RT/M), vrms = sqrt(3RT/M). Ratio vp/vrms = sqrt(2/3) < 1. So vp < vrms.

Carnot Cycle (P-V Diagram)VP1→2: isothermal expansion (T_H)2→3: adiabatic expansion3→4: isothermal compression (T_C)4→1: adiabatic compression1234Net work done by the gas = area enclosed by the loop 1→2→3→4→1

The Carnot cycle alternates two isothermal steps (heat absorbed at TH, released at TC) with two adiabatic steps (no heat exchange); the enclosed loop area equals the net work output, and η = 1−TC/TH is the maximum possible efficiency between those two temperatures.

Concept context

Laws of thermodynamics, heat engines, entropy, and gas processes.

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