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Work done by an ideal gas in an isobaric expansion from V1 to V2 at pressure P:

Answer: P(V2-V1).

  • A P(V2-V1)
  • B (V2-V1)/P
  • C P(V2+V1)
  • D PV2/V1

Correct answer: A. P(V2-V1)

Explanation: W = P x delta V = P(V2 - V1) for isobaric (constant pressure) process.

Carnot Cycle (P-V Diagram)VP1→2: isothermal expansion (T_H)2→3: adiabatic expansion3→4: isothermal compression (T_C)4→1: adiabatic compression1234Net work done by the gas = area enclosed by the loop 1→2→3→4→1

The Carnot cycle alternates two isothermal steps (heat absorbed at TH, released at TC) with two adiabatic steps (no heat exchange); the enclosed loop area equals the net work output, and η = 1−TC/TH is the maximum possible efficiency between those two temperatures.

Concept context

Laws of thermodynamics, heat engines, entropy, and gas processes.

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